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Review of the Applications of Generative Understanding Unified Models in Military Command and Control
LI Min;YAN Song;ZHANG Yusen;LI Ruixuan;GOU Yao;HE Yujie;Rocket Force University of Engineering;As artificial intelligence technology transitions from single-modal discriminative paradigms to multi-modal generative paradigms, the generative understanding unified model(GUUM)has emerged as a novel technical architecture that reshapes the underlying logic of modern military power. First, this study systematically analyzed the construction mechanisms of GUUM, revealing that its general capabilities stemmed from the unified modeling and analysis of multi-modal data. It further examined the distinctions in its application at the perception level. Finally, the review focused on interactions within the physical domain, analyzing how generative planning and diffusion policy-based embodied intelligence transformed the physical battlefield. At the application level, the review incorporated specific case studies to provide an indepth exploration of GUUM efficacy in the automated course of action generation and wargames, the evolution of intelligence fusion utilizing GUUM, diffusion model enhancement techniques for synthetic aperture radar images, and the tactical value of GUUM in cognitive and electronic warfare spectrum generation.Drawing on the latest research on adversarial attacks, this review exposed the vulnerabilities of unified models when facing physical perturbations, data poisoning, and model hallucinations. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment for military decision-makers and defense researchers, demonstrating how GUUM served as a key enabling technology for advancing novel operational concepts from scenarios to reality and facilitating all-domain command and control while offering defensive recommendations to address security risks.
Review on the Core Properties and Applications of Magnetorheological Fluids
SANG Yuanyuan;FENG Yongbao;ZHANG Yixuan;HAN Xiaoxia;DENG Yilin;As typical intelligent controllable materials, magnetorheological fluids possess advantages such as fast response speed, excellent mechanical properties, and simple control methods: thus they have broad application prospects in the engineering field. This paper systematically summarized the research achievements in magnetorheological fluids in recent years. First, an in-depth analysis of the composition of the magnetorheological fluids was conducted. Subsequently, this study focused on expounding the stability,magnetic properties, and rheological properties of magnetorheological fluids and conducted an in-depth analysis of the key issues to be addressed, including sedimentation and stratification, temperature adaptability, and shear thinning. Finally, typical applications of magnetorheological fluids in engineering fields, such as vibration reduction and precision machining, were summarized. Future development directions, such as optimization of material preparation processes and upgrading of device design, were proposed, with the aim of providing theoretical references and technical guidance for formula optimization, performance regulation,and engineering applications of magnetorheological fluids.
Interrupted Sampling Repeater Jamming Method Based on Smeared Spectrum Modulation
WU Qihua;ZHANG Kaiyu;XU Zhiming;LIU Xiaobin;GU Zhaoyu;ZHAO Feng;To address the issues of traditional interrupted sampling repeater jamming(ISRJ), such as regular false target distribution and rapid peak attenuation of high-order false targets, which resulted in distinct time-frequency characteristics of ISRJ signals and vulnerability to identification and suppression by radar systems, a smeared spectrum-interrupted sampling repeater jamming(SMSP-ISRJ)method was proposed. This method introduced the smeared spectrum technique into the interrupted sampling repeater mechanism and remapped the phase of the intercepted local radar signal segments to alter the frequency modulation slope of the radar signal fragments, thereby changing the pulse compression output characteristics and time-frequency distribution patterns of jamming signals. Simulation results show that, compared with traditional ISRJ methods, the SMSP-ISRJ method significantly slows down the amplitude attenuation rate from the 0th- to 1st-order false targets. It can flexibly switch between deceptive and suppressive jamming effects by adjusting parameters, such as sampling periods and compression factors. In terms of antiidentification and anti-suppression, SMSP-ISRJ disables anti-jamming algorithms based on time-frequency row clustering. After suppression, multiple high-amplitude false peaks remain near the real target in the pulse compression output of the jamming signals.
An Anti-Mainlobe Suppressive Jamming Method for Radar Networked Systems Based on MSNR-JBSS
HAN Xiaofei;LIU Chengyu;ZHANG Qi;HE Huafeng;ZHOU Tao;To address the reliance of existing anti-mainlobe suppressive jamming methods on prior information, such as jamming type and direction, a method for radar networks to counter mainlobe suppressive jamming based on the maximum signal-to-noise ratio for joint blind source separation(MSNR-JBSS)was proposed. First, each radar in the networked system was sequentially designated as the reference radar, and all the received radar signals were estimated and compensated. Subsequently, the JBSS processing was conducted based on the MSNR criterion to obtain the radial-range information of the target, with each radar serving as a reference. Finally, precise target localization was achieved using a data-level fusion approach based on multi-station joint localization. The proposed method virtually expanded the number of signal channels and enhanced the separation performance of source signals, requiring no prior information such as jamming type, jamming direction, or number of signal sources. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the comparative methods in terms of both anti-jamming performance and localization accuracy. Under the same simulation conditions, the output peak-to-side lobe ratio is, on average, 1.5-3 dB lower than that of the benchmark methods. In a strong interference scenario with a jamming-to-noise ratio of 100 dB and a signal-to-noise ratio of 10 dB, the target localization accuracy reaches 3.971 m, showing a significant improvement over the compared approaches. These results verify the improvement in the anti-jamming performance achieved by virtually expanding the number of signal channels through the JBSS.
Sparse Spatial Feature and Linear Attention Fusion-Based Aerial Infrared Small Target Detection
CHEN Guangchen;ZHANG Feng;ZHANG Yinhui;HE Zifen;YANG Xiaogang;LU Ruitao;Aerial infrared small-target detection faces critical challenges including long detection distances, severe thermal radiation attenuation, and complex environmental interference. To address these issues, an aerial infrared small-target detection(AISTD)model that effectively integrates sparse spatial features with linear attention was proposed. First, to alleviate the loss of fine-grained feature information caused by the reduced feature map, a sparse spatial feature extraction module and a symmetrical squeezing excitation feature extraction module were introduced to enhance the model's capability of infrared smallscale target feature extraction. Subsequently, to mitigate environmental interference with thermal radiation signals, the two-dimensional image was converted into a one-dimensional sequence and input into a multihead linear attention module, with rotary positional encoding applied. The proposed model captured detailed texture and contour information of infrared targets across multiple attention subspaces, thereby improving the sensitivity to small targets in complex aerial scenes. Furthermore, an aerial infrared small-target dataset was constructed to train and test the proposed approach and validate its effectiveness. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed AISTD achieves an mAP75 of 90.3% and an mAP50-95 of 74.7% on a self-built dataset, while reducing the inference time to 3.9 ms. Compared with existing object detection networks, such as YOLOv11 and YOLOv13, the AISTD model exhibits superior performance in terms of both detection accuracy and computational efficiency.
Integrated Sensing and Communication-Based Target Parameter Estimation Method for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Swarm
ZHANG Yuxing;ZHAO Jianwei;JIA Weimin;HE Fang;ZHANG Fenggan;In response to the urgent demand for real-time performance and noise resistance in the lowcost deployment of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)swarm countermeasures and the estimation of target parameters in complex electromagnetic environments, a UAV swarm-sensing architecture based on integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)was proposed. This framework combined multiple-input multiple-output-or-thogonal frequency-division multiplexing(MIMO-OFDM)technology and compressed sensing theory. By constructing the channel model and joint time-frequency-space sparse signal model for the MIMO-OFDM ISAC system, the issue of target parameter estimation was transformed into a sparse signal reconstruction problem. Subsequently, a hybrid conventional beamforming-orthogonal matching pursuit(CBF-OMP)algorithm that employed a CBF algorithm for spatial interference suppression and angle estimation was proposed. After decoupling the received signal in the spatial domain, the OMP algorithm was used for the sparse recovery of the range and velocity parameters by exploiting a constructed overcomplete dictionary in the time-frequency domain. Finally, the proposed method was compared with traditional multitarget sensing algorithms in a simulation experiment. The results demonstrate that the proposed CBFOMP method maintains low estimation errors across a wide range of grid densities. It maintains high accuracy while improving computational efficiency by approximately 51 times compared to the CBF-2D-MUSIC method and exhibits strong robustness in low signal-to-noise ratio environments, effectively balancing accuracy, efficiency, and anti-noise capability.
Comparison of Distribution Characteristics and Measuring Methods of Radon in Indoor Environment
HUO Yonggang;SUN Zhiqiang;ZHANG Tiejun;SHAO Yurui;LI Jiongyao;Military Representative Office of PLA Army;Radon is the primary source of natural radiation and accounts for approximately 50% of the natural radiation dose received by the public. Therefore, investigating its distribution in daily environments is important to human safety and health. To address the unclear spatial distribution characteristics of indoor radon concentration and verify the applicability of the measurement methods, a RAD7 radon meter was used to measure the radon concentration distribution in a single room under ventilated and closed environments by adopting the control variable and weighted average data processing methods. The vertical distribution characteristics of radon across different floors and error differences among the various measurement methods were compared. The results show that the radon concentration within a single room presents an uneven spatial distribution, with accumulation tendencies near the ground and at respiratory height, and that ventilation can significantly reduce the concentration differences at each measuring point. An obvious vertical gradient exists in the indoor radon concentration, which decreases progressively from lower to higher floors, with significantly higher concentrations on the first floor than on the second and third floors,while the concentrations on the second and third floors remain relatively similar. Measurement periods of15 and 30 minutes exhibit substantial errors, whereas 1-and 3-hour periods provide more accurate radon concentration levels. The measurement accuracy of the three-point method is improved after weight optimization, enabling effective resolution of spatial heterogeneity problems and is suitable for engineering investigations and emergency responses. The segmentation method demonstrates good data continuity and compliance with standard requirements, making it applicable to scientific research and compliance assessments.
Damage Domain Simulation-Based Evaluation of Anti-Fragmentation Capability of Launch Vehicles
WANG Dong;DU Liang;LI Xiangyang;LIU Zhihao;TAO Juxing;WU Jimin;Rocket Force University of Engineering;To address the evaluation need for anti-fragmentation capability of launch vehicles in battlefield environments, an evaluation method for anti-fragmentation capability based on damage domain characterization was proposed. First, the method constructed a fragmentation power field and vehicle damage criteria. Consequently, the damage-domain boundary was rapidly delineated using alternating boundary sampling and support vector machines. The damage area, area ratio, and damage probability were calculated using adaptive grid integration, thereby providing a multidimensional characterization of the antifrag-mentation capability of the vehicle. Finally, factors including the anti-fragmentation strength of key components,operational terrain, vehicle speed, and weapon attack accuracy were comprehensively considered in the simulation of the anti-fragmentation capability of launch vehicles. The results show that enhancing the strength of the individual components differentially affects the overall survivability. When the strengths of the launch tube, cabin, compartment, and tires are doubled, the overall damage areas decrease by 19.3%,9.5%, 4.1%, and 0.1%, respectively. Operational terrain significantly impacts the survivability of the vehicle, compared to flat ground, slopes of -40°and 40°around the vehicle lead to changes in the damage domains of-66.9% and 213%, respectively. The vehicle speed has a limited yet meaningful influence. At a speed of 72 m/s with a 0.8 s delay between aiming and impact, the damage probability can be reduced by47.3%. The simulation case verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method, enabling a quantitative evaluation of the component performance for overall survivability, thereby providing decision-making recommendations for the structural optimization and operational deployment of launch vehicles.
